Memory Disorders

In neuroscience and psychology, memory is the ability of the brain to retain information.

The main stages in memory are:
Coding: the compilation of information received.
Storage: the creation of permanent records of the information encoded.
Recalling: retrieving information stored in response to a solicitation.

Much of today's knowledge about memory is derived from the study of clinical disorders of memory.

The term memory disorder is a generic term. In fact, the disturbances of memory must be attributed to different functions and types of memory.
The classification of main types of memory is based on the length of the memory:
Sensory memory: is the ability to observe an object and recall the appearance after a few seconds of observation or recording
Short term memory: Allows you to call something to mind for a few seconds to a minute without narration
Long-term memory: it can store a large amount of information for potentially unlimited duration and encoding semantically
Based on the type of information encoded, the long-term memory can be divided into:
Declarative (explicit): requires conscious recall, consists of information that was explicitly stored and retrieved. Can be further divided into semantic memory, which affects the memory of the facts considered independently of context, and episodic memory, which concerns information specific to a particular context, as details of time and space
Procedural (implicit): based on implicit, is mainly used in learning of motor skills and is a kind of implicit memory

A further subdivision is based on timing, ie whether the content is to be remembered in the past (retrospective memory) or in the future (prospective memory).

On this basis, the disturbances of memory can be divided into:
Apraxia is a memory disorders procedural concerns and the inability to perform properly in a sequence of movements or repetitive movements
Dementia: the memory is affected in the long term than short term. It's a disorder of semantic memory and the episodic / autobiographical that causes an inability to recall the information is independent of the specific context that
Aphasia: language affects the
Neurodegenerative diseases: can affect both the semantic memory that the episodic
Amnesia is the main disturbance of episodic memory and affects the memory in the short or long term, retrospective or prospective.

Basically, the amnesia can be divided into two categories:
Amnesia anterograda: new events in short term memory are not transferred to the memory alungo term. Those who suffer can not remember anything that happened after the onset of amnesia. It affects short term memory and semantic memory is that episodic
Amensia backward: Is it unable to recall certain events of the past, beyond the common forgetfulness.

However, these terms are used to classify a set of symptoms, rather than to indicate a few facts. Both categories of amnesia can presentrasi in one individual, usually as a result of drugs or brain damage localized in the region most relevant to episodic memory / declarative: the temporal lobe and hippocampus.

Here are some types of amnesia:
Traumatic amnesia are usually caused by a wound or a blow to the head. It's often transient, but may also be permanent and Type anterogrado, retrograde, or both
Amnesia psicogenetica: results from a psychological cause in response to brain damage caused by a wound to the head, from a physical trauma or a disease. The amnesia psicogenetica includes dissociative amnesia (inability to recall details about stressful or traumatic events), the leakage (caused by a psychological trauma and generally temporeneo, is the inability to recall some or all of the events of his passing and even the loss of identity or a new fomazione), postipnotica (events during hypnosis are forgotten or are not able to remember), deficiencies (loss of memory of a specific event), and Children (this is the common inability to remember events of their childhood)
Transient global amnesia: symptoms lasting for less than a day and often there is no trigger alucun or neurological deficit. The cause of this syndrome is unclear, it could be due to reduced blood flow, convulsions or a form of atypical migraine
Source amnesia: disorder in which you can remember some information, but did not cite the source
Syndrome distrust of memory: the situation for which you are incapable of believing in their memories
Amnesia caused by the consumption of alcohol: an excessive intake of alcohol can cause the phenomenon of black out, with a type of amnesia anterogrado. Alcoholism persisted over time or malnutrition can cause a type of amnesia called KORSAKOFF syndrome and involves confabulazioni, false memories and paradoxical situations

The memory loss may be caused by several factors:
Alzheimer's disease (may cause a loss of memory that can be slight or severe)
Parkinson's disease (genetic defect that can cause loss of memory)
Huntington chorea (hereditary disease that can cause loss of memory)
Chemotherapy using cytotoxic drugs for the treatment of cancer
Activities or stressful or traumatic events
Aging
Neurodegenerative diseases
Head trauma or injury
Hysteria often accompanied by a sense of confusion
Attacks apoplettici
General anesthetics
Alcoholism
Stroke or transient ischemic attack
Transient global amnesia
Drugs such as barbiturates
Elettrocompulsiva therapy (especially if prolonged)
Surgical interventions of the temporal lobe of the brain
Brain masses (caused by tumors or infections)
Herpes encephalic
Other brain infections
Depression

Among the herbs that can be used as dietary supplements traditional adjuvant treatments include:
Samambaia
catuaba
sarsaparilla
Guaraná
suma
anamu
velvet bean
cat's claw
maca
Muira Puama
Damiana
epazote

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